Tummy Tuck in Warsaw Poland
Tummy tuck
(Abdominoplasty)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Tummy tuck" is a cosmetic surgery procedure used to make the abdomen more firm.
The American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary defines abdominoplasty as "Plastic surgery of the abdomen in which excess fatty tissue and skin are removed, usually for cosmetic purposes."
The surgery involves the removal of excess skin and fat from the middle and lower abdomen in order to tighten the muscle and fascia of the abdominal wall. This type of surgery is usually sought by women with loose tissues after pregnancy or individuals with sagging after major weight loss.
Procedures
Tummy tuck operations vary in scope and are frequently subdivided into categories. Depending on the extent of the surgery, a complete Tummy tuck can take 1 to 5 hours. A partial abdominoplasty (Mini-Tuck Tummy tuck) can be completed between 1 to 2 hours.
Complete Tummy tuck
A complete (or full) Tummy tuck involves:
• An incision is made from hip to hip just above the pubic area.
• Another incision is made to free the navel from the surrounding skin.
• The skin is detached from the abdominal wall to reveal the muscles and fascia to be tightened. The muscle fascia wall is tightened with sutures.
• The remaining skin and fat are tightened by removing the excess and closing the defect.
• The old belly button stalk is brought out through a new hole and sutured into place.
• Liposuction is often used to refine the transition zones of the abdominal sculpture.
• A dressing and sometime a compression garment are applied and any excess fluid from the site is drained.
Partial Tummy tuck
A partial (or mini) Tummy tuck involves:
• A smaller incision is made.
• The skin and fat of the lower abdomen are detached in a more limited fashion from the muscle fascia. The skin is stretched down and excess skin removed.
• Sometimes the belly button stalk is divided from the muscle below and the belly button slid down lower on the abdominal wall.
• Sometimes a portion of the abdominal muscle fascia wall is tightened.
• Liposuction is often used to contour the transition zone.
• The flap is stitched back into place.
Extended Tummy tuck
An extended Tummy tuck is a complete Tummy tuck with extensions into the thighs (front) and/or flanks (sides).
Combination Procedures
A Tummy tuck is a component of a lower body lift and can be combined with liposuction contouring, breast reduction, breast lift, or occasionally hysterectomy, depending on the reason for the hysterectomy.
Recovery
Depends on the problem to be treated, surgical technique(s), and other factors.
Can take one to four weeks and patients are advised to take at least a portion of this recovery time off from work.
Heavy activity especially is best avoided during this time.
Initially there may be bruising and discomfort.
A supportive abdominal binder or compression garment can minimize swelling / bruising, and support the repaired tissues.
Patients are advised to avoid all forms of nicotine for a month or longer prior to surgery and also during the recovery period
Costs
The cost of a "tummy tuck" varies from country to country and even within locales of countries. As with most cosmetic surgery operations, the cost depends on a variety of factors like the age of the patient, their weight and the state of their health. Depending on the individuals, there may also be other costs involved after the operation. This does not include the follow-up visits as required by some doctors.
On average in the United States, this procedure can cost from USD$4,000 to as much as $20,000.
The pre-operative and post-operative care, facility fees, anesthesia, and medications must be taken into consideration when reviewing surgery costs. No surgeries are a guaranteed success and therefore a second procedure or a touch-up may be required to achieve the desired appearance. These costs are typically not included in the original cost.
More Warsaw info...
Warsaw By train
Warsaw has three stations for long-distance trains:
Dworzec Centralny or Warszawa Centralna (Warsaw Central) ul. Emilii Plater
Dworzec Wschodni or Warszawa Wschodnia (Warsaw East) between ul. Kijowska and ul. Lubelska (on the right bank)
Dworzec Zachodni or Warszawa Zachodnia (Warsaw West) Al. Jerozolimskie near Rondo Zes?a?c?w Syberyjskich
Unless you really know what you're doing, the best option is Dworzec Centralny (Warszawa Centralna) station, as it has best connections with all the places in the city. All long-distance trains pass through this station and all stop there. It is the only long-distance station underground, so you will know when to get out. It isn't the last station on the route!
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Plastic Surgery News...
- Plastic surgery procedures of the face and chest were popular among both women and men in 2007, increasing at similar rates for similar procedures, according to statistics released today by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS). Facelifts increased 14 percent for women and 16 percent for men from 2006.
- According to Reuters, research from South India has questioned the role of the tuberculin skin test (TST) in detecting latent and active tuberculosis (TB) individuals who are HIV-positive.
The research team analysed the findings of two clinical trials of treatment regimens for latent and active TB in HIV-positive patients. A total of 209 patients with active pulmonary TB and 631 patients who had suspected latent TB were administered one tuberculin unit of the formula as a part of the diagnostic workup for TB.
Overall, less than half the patients with latent or active tuberculosis had a positive tuberculin test result; the rates of positivity to the test appeared to correlate with the CD4 count, with lower rates seen among those with a lower CD4 count. Using the conventional 5mm cut-off for tuberculin positivity, the sensitivity and positive predictive value for active tuberculosis were 51.2% and 28.5%, respectively. The authors conclude that TST is a poor predictor of both latent and active TB in HIV-infected individuals in TB endemic countries.
{Editor’s note: This summary is taken from the Reuters Health abstract only].