Microdermabrasion in AR
Microdermabrasion in AR section, includes general infrmation about Microdermabrasion Procedure, Microdermabrasion AR Local News, Microdermabrasion AR Surgeon Locator and other Microdermabrasion related material.
Microdermabrasion Procedure
Microdermabrasion is one of the most popular non-invasive cosmetic procedures performed today. Over time, factors such as aging, genetic factors, sun damage, acne, scarring, and enlarged pores can contribute to the formation of facial wrinkles and a rough skin texture on the face. Most commonly used to treat the face and neck, microdermabrasion can successfully reduce the appearance of superficial wrinkles and scars, large pores, acne, and age spots, restoring a smoother, more youthful appearance.
Before you learn how microdermabrasion can rejuvenate your skin, you need to understand what makes up your skin. Your skin consists of two layers known as the epidermis and the dermis. The epidermis, or outer layer of the skin, acts as the skin’s primary defense against the environment, and sustains the most damage from the sun. The effects of sun damage are what cause the skin to have a rough appearance. Beneath the epidermis lies the dermis, or innermost layer of the skin, which provides structure and support.
The dermis is comprised primarily of connective tissue, which is made mostly of collagen and elastin fibers. These fibers form a network that provides the skin with structure, support, and elasticity. Over time, the aging process and sun damage cause a decrease in the amount of collagen and elastin fibers. As this network of fibers breaks down, the skin loses its elasticity and becomes more lax. Together, aging, sun damage, and other factors contribute to wrinkle formation and other changes in appearance.
During microdermabrasion, fine crystals usually remove the superficial or uppermost layer of the epidermis, known as the stratum corneum. Depending on the extent of skin damage, deeper treatment may be necessary; however, treatment rarely extends beyond the epidermis. As a result, microdermabrasion is not appropriate for the treatment of deeper wrinkles and scars, or extensive discoloration as these conditions likely extend into the dermis. In these instances chemical peels and laser resurfacing may achieve more desirable results. As microdermabrasion only causes superficial injury to the skin, the risk of scarring and pigmentation anomalies following microdermabrasion is extremely low, when compared with other resurfacing techniques. Therefore, microdermabrasion can be safely and effectively used on individuals of all skin types.
A microdermabrasion procedure may last approximately thirty to forty five minutes. Unlike certain chemical peels and laser resurfacing, the procedure is relatively painless; therefore anesthesia is not typically required. Prior to your procedure, your physician may recommend that you treat your skin with products containing alphahydroxy acid or retinoic acid, among others, which may increase the effects and longevity of your treatment. Before the treatment, your face will be thoroughly cleansed, usually using an alcohol-based cleanser. Your physician may also provide you with goggles to protect your eyes during the procedure.
During the procedure, the physician uses a device which emits pressurized crystals on to the surface of the skin. Using single strokes, the physician will guide the device over the treatment area to remove damaged skin layers.
The hand piece releases fine, pressurized crystals, which much like sandblasting exfoliate the stratum corneum, or the skin’s outermost layer. In areas with more damage, the physician may increase the amount of pressure exerted by the device or the number of passes made in the area. This will cause the treatment, or amount of injury, to extend deeper into the skin. A vacuum sucks the used crystals and exfoliated skin particles back into the device, so that they can be removed and discarded.
Following your microdermabrasion procedure, you may experience some redness for the first few hours, but you will be able to return to your normal routine immediately after your treatment. Your physician may apply a cream or ointment to the treatment areas to keep them moist as they heal. It is important that you continue to use these products as directed by your physician, as your skin may continue to exfoliate following the procedure. Your skin may appear as if you have a minor sunburn for two to three days and will be more sensitive to sunlight. Therefore, it is important that you use sunscreen with SPF 15 or greater as your skin heals.
As the new skin cells are revealed, your skin will have an improved texture and overall appearance. It is important to realize that in order to maintain the results from a microdermabrasion procedure, you will likely have to undergo approximately five to ten treatments, depending on the severity of skin damage. Initially, you may receive treatments every one to two weeks. However, over time the frequency of treatment may decrease to once a month, and later to twice a year. Although multiple treatments are required, microdermabrasion is a simple, fast, effective method of reducing superficial skin damage to restore a refreshed and youthful appearance.
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Argentina Understand Argentina is the second-largest country in South America, and the eighth-largest in the world. It is also the highest and the lowest of the continent; at 6.960m Cerro Aconcagua is the tallest mountain in the whole American continent, while Salinas Chicas, at 40m below sea level, is the lowest point.
At the southern tip of Argentina there are several routes between the South Atlantic and the South Pacific Oceans including the Strait of Magellan, the Beagle Channel, and the Drake Passage as an alternative sailing around Cape Horn in the open ocean between South America and Antarctica.
Argentina Electricity Argentine electricity is officially 220V 50Hz, with slanted plugs similar to those used in Australia. Adapters and transformers for European and North American equipment are readily available.
The best way to use imported electrical equipment in Argentina is to purchase an adapter once there. These are available in the Florida shopping area in Buenos Aires for around US$2, or less in hardware stores outside the city center. Buildings use a mix of European and Australian plug fittings. However, the live and neutral pins in the Australian fittings are reversed so as to prevent cheap imports into Australia. Therefore an Australian adapter may be incompatible.
Many sockets have no earth pin. Laptop adapters should have little problem with this for short term use.
Argentina's outlets are their own standard, the IRAM-2073, which are physically identical to the Australian AS-3112 standard (two blades in a V-shape, with or without a third blade for ground).
Plastic Surgery News...
- The American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery (AACS) announces the results of its 2007 Procedural Data and since 2002, the average age for patients receiving invasive cosmetic surgery has increased. From 2002 to 2007, the mean age of patients seeking the top ten most performed invasive procedures has increased by two years. The invasive procedures that have seen the largest increase include liposuction, sclerotherapy, facelift and forehead lift. (Source: Cosmetic Medicine / Plastic Surgery News From Medical News Today)
- The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has published an appraisal consultation document (ACD – draft guidance) on the use of alendronate, etidronate, risedronate, raloxifene, strontium ranelate and teriparatide for the secondary prevention of osteoporotic fragility fractures in postmenopausal women. The guidance recommends (direct from source):
1.1 Alendronate is recommended as a treatment option for the secondary prevention of osteoporotic fragility fractures in postmenopausal women who have a T-score of -2.5 SD or below. In women aged 75 years or older, a DXA scan may not be required if the responsible clinician considers it to be clinically inappropriate or unfeasible.
When the decision has been made to initiate treatment with alendronate, the preparation prescribed should be chosen on the basis of the lowest acquisition cost available.
1.2 Risedronate and etidronate are recommended as alternative treatment options for the secondary prevention of osteoporotic fragility fractures in postmenopausal women:
• who are unable to comply with the special instructions for the administration of alendronate, have a contraindication to, or are intolerant of alendronate (as defined in section 1.7) and
• who also have a T-score, age and number of independent clinical risk factors for fracture (see section 1.5) - please refer to table in the ACD for T-scores (SD) at (or below) which risedronate or etidronate is recommended.
1.3 Raloxifene and strontium ranelate are recommended as alternative treatment options for the secondary prevention of osteoporotic fragility fractures in postmenopausal women:
• who are unable to comply with the special instructions for the administration of alendronate and risedronate, or who have a contraindication to or are intolerant of alendronate and risedronate (as defined in section 1.6) and
• who also have a T-score, age and number of independent clinical risk factors for fracture (see section 1.5) - please refer to table in the ACD for T-scores (SD) at (or below) which raloxifene or strontium ranelate is recommended.
1.4 Teriparatide is recommended as an alternative treatment option for the secondary prevention of osteoporotic fragility fractures in postmenopausal women:
• who are unable to take alendronate and risedronate, have a contraindication to, or are intolerant of alendronate and risedronate (as defined in section 1.6) or who have a contraindication to, or are intolerant of strontium ranelate (as defined in section 1.7) and
• who are 65 years or older and have an extremely low BMD (with a T-score of -4 SD or below), or a very low BMD (with a T-score of -3.5 SD or below) plus multiple fractures (that is, more than two), or who are aged 55-64 years and have a T-score of -4 SD or below plus multiple fractures (that is, more than two).
1.5 For the purposes of this guidance, independent clinical risk factors for fracture to be considered are: parental history of hip fracture, alcohol intake of 4 or more units per day, and severe, long-term rheumatoid arthritis.
1.6 For the purposes of this guidance, intolerance of alendronate and risedronate is defined as persistent upper gastrointestinal disturbance that is sufficiently severe to warrant discontinuation of treatment and that occurs even though the instructions for administration have been followed correctly.
1.7 For the purpose of this guidance, intolerance of strontium ranelate is defined as persistent nausea or diarrhoea, either of which warrants discontinuation of treatment.
1.8 Women who are currently receiving treatment with one of the drugs covered by this guidance, but for whom therapy would have not been recommended according to sections 1.1 to 1.4, should have the option to continue therapy until they and their clinicians consider it appropriate to stop.
The key dates for this appraisal are:
Closing date for comments: 23 April 2008
Second Appraisal Committee meeting: 01 May 2008