Breast Reconstruction in Canada
Breast Reconstruction in Canada section, includes general infrmation about Breast Reconstruction Procedure, Breast Reconstruction Canada Local News, Breast Reconstruction Canada Surgeon Locator and other Breast Reconstruction related material.
Breast Reconstruction Procedure
This procedure is designed for women who underwent breast amputation after breast cancer or other conditions. Newer techniques allow the surgeon to create a breast which is very similar to the natural one. The reconstruction can be done during the amputation procedure, or a few months or even a year afterwards.
There are a number of implants: the most widely used are silicon implants which have silicon surface and filling. They come in different sizes and shapes.
Becker implants are made of a thick silicon surface (35%-50%) and a solution filling. The advantage of this implant is the ability to adjust its shape to the woman's body. It can also serve as a skin stretcher. There are also implants with a thin silicon surface and a solution filling, which are less used.
The operation can be divided into 2 main categories: (a) a stretcher is inserted, then replaced with an implant; (b) the reconstruction is made from another body tissue.
The most common reconstruction is performed with a stretcher and an implant. After amputation a balloon (stretcher) is inserted under the skin and chest muscles. It has a special valve which can be filled from outside. The implant is being filled gradually with a special solution, until the skin has sufficiently stretched for inserting the implant. It takes another 3-6 months until the breast has acquired its final shape, then the nipple can be reconstructed as well.
Becker implants: sometimes during amputation the skin can be preserved. That would eliminate the need for a stretcher, and a permanent implant (Becker) can be inserted right away.
The breast can also be reconstructed with body tissue from areas with extra skin and fat, like the tummy, buttocks and back. The tissue being removed is called "a flap". Common sites to acquire the flap are the lower tummy and the lotissimus dorsi muscle from the back.
This procedure can be complicated due to implant infection, a contraction of a surface of an implant, silicon leaks and anesthetic complications.
You'll need to stay in hospital 2-7 days after the surgery, while you may feel pain and weakness for a week or two. Complete recovery may take up to 6 weeks, depending on the surgery. You may have an unusual sensation in the breast that would usually disappear over time. In most cases there could be a slight asymmetry between the breasts, however, most women report a significant improvement in their social life and self esteem.
Other Breast Reconstruction Procedures
All Breast Procedures
Breast Reconstruction Canada (current)
Canada Breast Lift
Canada Breast Implants
Canada Implant Removal
Canada Armpit Incision
More Canada info...
Canada By train Via Rail is Canada's national passenger rail service. Amtrak provides connecting rail service to Toronto and Montreal, and thruway service between Seattle and Vancouver.
Be wary though. Not many private citizens in Canada take the train as a regular means of transportation. Most citizens simply drive to where they want to go if the distance is short (which in Canada can still mean hundreds of kilometres!), or fly if the distance is long.
See also: Rail travel in Canada
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Canada Understand Canada is a land of vast distances and rich natural beauty. Economically and technologically, it resembles its neighbour to the South, the United States, and shares with it the longest undefended border in the world. Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867 by an act of British parliament, and is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. Though a medium sized country by its population, Canada has earned respect on the international stage for its strong diplomatic skills. Internally, the country has displayed success in negotiating compromises amongst a culturally and linguistically varied population, a difficult task considering that language, culture, cuisine and even history vary significantly over the country. In contrast to the United States' image as a melting pot, Canada prefers to consider itself a mosaic of cultures and people. The information below will get you started, but be sure to check the specifics for given regions and cities. It has socialized medicine, too.
Plastic Surgery News...
- The Department of Health has launched an updated “Child health promotion programme (CHPP): Pregnancy and the first five years of life.”
The guide is for primary care trusts (PCTs), local authorities, practice-based commissioners and providers of services in pregnancy and the first years of life, and highlights the key role that the Child Health Promotion Programme (CHPP) plays in improving the health and wellbeing of children.
This publication sets out the recommended standard for the delivery of the CHPP and demonstrates how the programme addresses priorities for the health and wellbeing of children (such as Public Service Agreement (PSA) indicators).
The programme aims to (taken directly from source):
• provide greater emphasis on promoting the health and well-being of children in the early stages – pregnancy and the first five years of life
• support a model of progressive universalism – a core programme for all children, with additional services for children and families with particular needs and risks
• encourage partnership working between different agencies on local service development (e.g. general practice and children's centres)
• focus services on changing public health priorities - obesity, breast feeding, social and emotional development
- This review examines the evidence on rivaroxaban (Xarelto®), an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery of the lower limbs. A licence application was submitted to the EMEA in November 2007.
The review notes that limited data from the phase III RECORD studies (available in abstract form only) suggest that:
• Daily oral rivaroxaban 10mg is statistically significantly more effective than subcutaneous (s.c.) enoxaparin 40mg for short term thromboprophylaxis in patients undergoing total knee replacement; the primary endpoint (composite of DVT, non-fatal PE , and all-cause mortality) occurred in 9.6% and 18.9% of patients assigned to rivaroxaban or enoxaparin, respectively (p < 0.001).
• In extended thromboprophylaxis for hip arthroplasty, the same primary endpoint was achieved in 1.1% of rivaroxaban patients vs. 3.7% of those receiving enoxaparin (p < 0.001).
• Rivaroxaban and enoxaparin recipients experienced a similar incidence of major bleeding events, ranging from 0.1% to 0.6%.
No phase III liver function test data are available, but phase II data suggest that increases in liver enzymes seen in rivaroxaban recipients were of a similar order to enoxaparin recipients after 5–9 days of treatment. However caution is required until further information is available regarding safety. The review concludes “should efficacy and safety data prove favourable for oral rivoroxaban, and depending on cost, the drug might be particularly appropriate for those patients undergoing extended thromboprophylaxis after hip surgery. There will be no necessity to monitor patients for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and a reduction in at home nurse visits may be possible. Hence, staff capacity may be released. Economic decisions concerning rivaroxaban uptake will need to balance the possible increase in drug costs versus the possible benefits that may accrue.”